When it comes to blasting, many people's first impression stays in the special effects scenes of pressing the detonator and the earth shattering in movies and TV dramas. But real blasting operations are far from being as simple as pressing a button. It is a precision system composed of explosives, detonators, detonators, drilling equipment, storage containers, etc., involving various technologies such as chemistry, physics, machinery, electronics, and even the Internet of Things-2It can be said that behind every successful blasting, there is a complete "blasting system" operating efficiently. Today, let's step into the world of explosive equipment and uncover the mysterious veil of these 'behind the scenes heroes'.
Any successful blasting cannot be separated from the following five core steps: drilling → charging → filling → networking → detonation-2Each stage requires specialized equipment to ensure safety and effectiveness. Understanding this chain means understanding the full picture of blasting equipment.
The energy source for blasting is explosives, which are the core fuel of the blasting equipment system. There are three main types of explosives commonly used in blasting:
Industrial explosivesIt is the most common explosive energy source, including gel emulsion explosives, ammonium oil explosives, etc., widely used in mining, tunnel excavation, road construction and other engineering fields. Among them, emulsion explosives and porous granular ammonium oil explosives account for more than 80% of the total production-21Industrial explosives have the characteristics of low cost, simple manufacturing, and reliable application, occupying an absolute dominant position in civilian blasting equipment-24。
Special explosivesIt is a specialized explosive designed for specific blasting scenarios, such as low explosive velocity explosives used in situations where vibration rock breaking effects need to be controlled. Plastic explosives have good plasticity and can closely adhere to targets of various shapes, making them suitable for blasting operations on complex shaped targets-19-1。
On site mixing of explosivesRepresents the integrated development direction of modern blasting technology. Real time preparation and loading of emulsion explosives at the blasting site are integrated through on-site mixing vehicles (BCLUs), which not only reduces safety risks during explosive transportation, but also dynamically adjusts the explosive formula according to rock conditions-4。
If explosives are the "fuel" for blasting, then detonating equipment is the "key" to ignite this fuel. Explosive equipment is the most precise component in the entire system, mainly including the following categories:
Industrial detonatorIt is a key component for detonation. Traditional industrial detonators are mainly divided into industrial electric detonators and detonating tube detonators, which usually contain chemical delay agents to achieve delayed detonation. The core function of industrial detonators is to receive external excitation energy and detonate internal explosives. They are widely used in blasting operations such as mining, tunnel excavation, building demolition, and water conservancy engineering-Along; tumult; Svg width = ngth; quot; 14 hereby; quot; Height = rhorn; quot; 14 hereby; quot; Viewbox = NNA & rdquo; quot; 0 0 14 14; quot; Fill = ln & quot; quot; Mschap untold; quot; Xmlns = nahy & rdquo; quot; http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" ; -ordinary; gt;
electronic detonatorIt is currently the main force and development direction of the industry. Electronic detonators use electronic control modules for precise control of the detonation process. The internal chip can accurately control the detonation time of each detonator, with an accuracy of milliseconds or even microseconds-2The working principle is to charge the capacitors inside the electronic control module with an detonator. After the detonation command is issued, the module discharges the bridge wire, which heats up and ignites the gunpowder, ultimately detonating the basic detonator [13 † L9-L11]. The main advantages of electronic detonators are reflected in three aspects:high precision——The delay accuracy is extremely high, and the delay time can be set arbitrarily to achieve micro difference blasting;high security——Strong anti-static and anti stray current capabilities, safer during transportation and storage, and easier to supervise the entire process;economy——Due to high delay accuracy and improved utilization of explosives, the amount of explosives used can be reduced by about 5% to 15%, saving costs [13 † L11-L13].
Detonating tube and detonating cordIt is the 'nerve fiber' that transmits the detonation signal. A detonating tube is a plastic thin tube coated with trace amounts of explosives on its inner wall. It does not explode itself, but can transmit detonation signals in the form of shock waves at a speed of about 2000 meters per second. It is not afraid of static electricity and stray currents, and its safety is much higher than traditional wires. It is an important component of modern non electric detonation systems-2。
Detonator 是起爆网络的“指挥官”，负责提供起爆所需的电能。智能起爆器不仅能完成充放电操作，还能检测整个雷管网路的连接质量，并将起爆数据上传云端，实现爆破作业的可追溯管理-2。
Before the actual implementation of blasting operations, there is an essential process - drilling. The main equipment for drilling is down the hole drilling rig, roller drilling rig, etc. The down the hole drilling rig is named after its unique "diving into the bottom of the hole" operation method. The impactor is directly installed behind the drill bit, and together with the drill bit, it penetrates deep into the bottom of the hole to strike the rock. Therefore, the penetration efficiency is extremely high, especially suitable for hard rock layers. The drill bit is like the "teeth" of a drilling rig. When dealing with soft rocks, a cross shaped drill bit is used to quickly remove slag, while when dealing with hard rocks, a ball toothed drill bit is used. Its hard alloy is like rows of nails that crush rocks by impact-2。
In large open-pit mines, roller drills are undoubtedly the preferred equipment, with a drilling diameter range of 200 to 380 millimeters. Intelligent models have achieved automatic positioning and verticality calibration-4。
After the drilling is completed, the next step is the loading process. Modern charging technology is highly advanced, and intelligent charging robotic arms can accurately control the charging density, with charging errors controlled within 3%, ensuring maximum utilization of explosives-4。
Explosives and detonators must not be stacked randomly when not in use, and must be stored in dedicated storage containers - explosive cabinets and detonator boxes. These storage devices can be called 'mobile safes'. Explosive cabinets are generally made of steel plates with a thickness of 6 to 10 millimeters, and some are also equipped with fire-resistant insulation layers to resist fire, impact, and theft for a certain period of time. The interior of the cabinet is lined with anti-static rubber to prevent sparks from being generated by friction-2。
There is an iron rule in the storage process:Explosives and detonators must be stored separately in cabinetsThis is because detonators are very sensitive, and if they accidentally explode, they can ignite the explosive and cause a suicide explosion. They are placed separately to cut off this "detonation chain"-2Modern intelligent storage boxes also integrate intelligent devices such as GPS positioning, electronic locks, temperature and humidity sensors. Once illegally opened or moved, the system will immediately alert the monitoring center-2。
The blasting line (blasting busbar) is a specialized electrical wire that connects the detonator to the blasting network. This type of wire is not an ordinary cable, it uses a dual core twisted structure to counteract external electromagnetic interference; When working underground in coal mines, it is also necessary to use flame-retardant and anti-static special cables to prevent cable sparks from causing gas explosions-2。
Modern blasting operations are no longer the crude mode of 'just blow it up', but are supplemented by various intelligent monitoring equipment. The blasting vibration monitor is equipped with three-way sensors and 5G transmission function, which can provide real-time warning of excessive vibration and ensure that the impact of blasting on the surrounding environment is within a controllable range. The unmanned aerial vehicle survey system uses laser radar to scan the rock structure, predict the blasting effect, and complete the three-dimensional modeling of the blasting pile within 30 minutes after blasting, helping technicians evaluate the blasting quality-4。
Blasting equipment is of great importance to public safety, and the state implements a strict licensing system and full chain supervision for it. According to the Regulations on the Safety Management of Civil Explosives, the state implements a permit system for the production, sale, purchase, transportation, and blasting operations of civil explosives. No unit or individual is allowed to engage in the above activities without permission, and it is strictly prohibited to transfer, lend, mortgage, gift, or illegally hold civil explosives-29The competent department of national defense science and technology industry is responsible for the safety supervision and management of production and sales, while the public security organs are responsible for public safety management and safety supervision of blasting operations-29。
The country has also established a civilian explosive information management system, which implements identification management for civilian explosive materials, monitors the flow of products throughout the entire process, and ensures that every link from production to use is traceable-29According to the latest revised "Blasting Safety Regulations" (GB6722-2023), all blasting equipment operators must hold certificates and undergo regular equipment explosion-proof testing-4。
China is the world's largest country in blasting operations, and in recent years, the civilian blasting equipment industry has undergone profound transformation and upgrading. From market data, electronic detonators have basically replaced traditional detonators - the proportion of electronic detonators in the total production of detonators has exceeded 87%-21-24In the field of industrial explosives, gelatinous emulsion explosives and porous granular ammonium fried explosives are still mainstream products, accounting for more than 80% of the total production-21。
Under policy promotion, the industry is accelerating its transformation towards high-end, intelligent, and green direction. The Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Transformation and Upgrading of the Civil Explosive Industry clearly states that by the end of 2027, unmanned production lines for civil explosive products will be widely promoted and applied, and high-risk production workshops will have no fixed job operators; The concentration of industries will further increase, forming 3 to 5 large enterprise groups with international competitiveness-45。
The main directions for technological upgrading in the current industry include:intelligentization——Promote "mechanization of personnel replacement and automation of personnel reduction", explore intelligent scenarios such as "digital twin+" and "artificial intelligence+"-Along; tumult; Svg width = ngth; quot; 14 hereby; quot; Height = rhorn; quot; 14 hereby; quot; Viewbox = NNA & rdquo; quot; 0 0 14 14; quot; Fill = ln & quot; quot; Mschap untold; quot; Xmlns = nahy & rdquo; quot; http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" ; -ordinary; gt;
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